Psychological flexibility in the Sunna of the Prophet Muhammad

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36394/jsis.v22.i3.7

Keywords:

Flexibility, psychology, Sunna and biography

Abstract

The main idea of this study is to explore the concept of flexibility in the Sunna of the Prophet (Peace be upon him) and his biography, clarifying its meaning, factors, and rewards. The importance of this research lies in its explanation of the concept of flexibility in the Sunna, its causes, and its outcomes, while addressing an aspect of Islamic psychology and shedding light on the Prophetic methodology. It is one of the contemporary thematic studies concerned with highlighting the distinctiveness, inclusiveness, realism, success, interaction, and adaptability found in the Sunnah. The research problem centers on the concept of flexibility in the Sunna, its aspects, and its rewards. The study aims to define this concept, identify its factors, and list its advantages. Given the nature of the topic, the researcher adopted the descriptive method to trace the hadiths of the Prophet (Peace be upon him) related to psychological flexibility, and the analytical-deductive method to draw the study’s methodology and explain and analyze its theories. Among the most significant findings is that flexibility in the Prophetic Sunnah refers to psychological steadfastness resulting from strong faith, enabling adaptation, and dealing with events in accordance with the Prophet’s methodology. 

References

قائمة المصادر والمراجع:

آل‭ ‬جلالة،‭ ‬بندر‭ (‬2022م‭).‬‭ ‬المرونة‭ ‬النفسية‭(‬ط11‭). ‬دار‭ ‬تشكيل‭.‬

ابن‭ ‬الأثير،‭ ‬مجد‭ ‬الدين‭ ‬أبي‭ ‬السعادات‭ ‬المبارك‭ (‬‮٦٠٦‬هـ‭)‬،‭ ‬النهاية‭ ‬في‭ ‬غريب‭ ‬الحديث‭ ‬والأثر،‭ (‬ط1‭)‬،‭ ‬المكتبة‭ ‬الإسلامية‭.‬

الأحمدي،‭ ‬أنس‭ ‬سليم‭.‬‭ ‬المرونة‭. ‬مؤسسة‭ ‬الأمة‭.‬

الأزهري،‭ ‬أبو‭ ‬منصور‭ ‬محمد‭ ‬بن‭ ‬أحمد‭ (‬2001‭ ‬م‭). ‬تهذيب‭ ‬اللغة‭. (‬تحقيق‭: ‬محمد‭ ‬عوض‭). ‬دار‭ ‬إحياء‭ ‬التراث‭ ‬العربي‭.‬

ابن‭ ‬إسحاق،‭ ‬محمد‭ ‬بن‭ ‬إسحاق‭ ‬المطلبي‭ (‬1‮٩٧٨‬‭). ‬السير‭ ‬والمغازي‭. ‬دار‭ ‬الفكر‭. ‬

البخاري،‭ ‬محمد‭ ‬بن‭ ‬إسماعيل‭ ‬أبو‭ ‬عبد‭ ‬الله‭.‬‭ ‬الجامع‭ ‬الصحيح‭ ‬المختصر‭ ‬من‭ ‬أمور‭ ‬رسول‭ ‬الله‭ -‬صلّى‭ ‬الله‭ ‬عليه‭ ‬وسلّم‭- ‬وسننه‭ ‬وأيامه‭ ‬‭(‬ط3‭). (‬تحقيق‭: ‬مصطفى‭ ‬ديب‭). ‬دار‭ ‬ابن‭ ‬كثير‭.‬

الترمذي،‭ ‬محمد‭ ‬بن‭ ‬عيسى‭ ‬أبو‭ ‬عيسى‭. ‬الجامع‭ ‬الكبير‭- ‬سنن‭ ‬الترمذي‭(‬ط3‭). (‬تحقيق‭: ‬أحمد‭ ‬شاكر‭ ‬وآخرون‭). ‬شركة‭ ‬مكتبة‭ ‬ومطبعة‭ ‬مصطفى‭ ‬البابي‭ ‬الحلبي‭.‬

ابن‭ ‬حبان،‭ ‬محمد‭ ‬بن‭ ‬حبان‭ ‬بن‭ ‬أحمد‭ ‬بن‭ ‬حبان‭ ‬بن‭ ‬معاذ‭ ‬بن‭ ‬مَعْبدَ،‭ ‬التميمي،‭ ‬أبو‭ ‬حاتم‭ ‬الدارمي،‭ ‬البُستي‭. ‬صحيح‭ ‬ابن‭ ‬حبان‭(‬ط2‭).(‬تحقيق‭: ‬شعيب‭ ‬الأرنؤوط‭). ‬مؤسسة‭ ‬الرسالة‭.‬

أبو‭ ‬حلاوة،‭ ‬محمد‭ ‬السعيد‭ (‬2013م‭). ‬المرونة‭ ‬النفسية‭ ‬ماهيتها‭ ‬محدداتها‭ ‬وقيمتها‭ ‬الوقائية‭. ‬سلسلة‭ "‬وفي‭ ‬أنفسكم‭"(‬2‭).‬

أبو‭ ‬زهو،‭ ‬محمد‭ ‬محمد،‭ (‬1‮٤٠٣‬م‭)‬،‭ ‬الحديث‭ ‬والمحدثون،‭ ‬دار‭ ‬الكتاب‭ ‬العربي‭.‬

أبو‭ ‬شهبه،‭ ‬محمد‭ ‬بن‭ ‬محمد‭ (‬1992م‭). ‬السيرة‭ ‬النبوية‭ ‬في‭ ‬ضوء‭ ‬القرآن‭ ‬والسنة‭ ‬‭(‬ط2‭). ‬دار‭ ‬القلم‭.‬

العازمي،‭ ‬عائشة‭ ‬عبيد‭ ‬الله‭. ‬المرونة‭ ‬النفسية‭ ‬وعلاقتها‭ ‬بالتفكير‭ ‬الإيجابي‭ ‬لدى‭ ‬المراهقين،‭ ‬مجلة‭ ‬كلية‭ ‬التربية‭ (‬46,3‭).‬

العازمي،‭ ‬موسى‭ ‬بن‭ ‬راشد‭ (‬2013م‭). ‬اللؤلؤ‭ ‬المكنون‭ ‬في‭ ‬سيرة‭ ‬النبي‭ ‬المأمون‭. ‬دار‭ ‬الصميعي‭.‬

أبوعبد‭ ‬الله،‭ ‬أحمد‭ ‬بن‭ ‬محمد‭ ‬بن‭ ‬حنبل‭ ‬بن‭ ‬هلال‭ ‬بن‭ ‬أسد‭ ‬الشيباني‭. ‬مسند‭ ‬الإمام‭ ‬أحمد‭ ‬بن‭ ‬حنبل‭. ‬مؤسسة‭ ‬قرطبة‭.‬

ابن‭ ‬عبد‭ ‬الوهاب،‭ ‬محمد‭ ‬بن‭ ‬عبد‭ ‬الوهاب،‭ ‬مختصر‭ ‬سيرة‭ ‬الرسول،‭ ‬مطبعة‭ ‬وزارة‭ ‬الأوقاف‭ ‬بالرياض‭.‬

ابن‭ ‬فارس،‭ ‬أبو‭ ‬الحسين‭ ‬أحمد‭ ‬بن‭ ‬فارس‭ ‬بن‭ ‬زكريا‭. ‬معجم‭ ‬مقاييس‭ ‬اللغة‭(‬ط2‭). (‬تحقيق‭: ‬عبد‭ ‬السلام‭ ‬محمد‭ ‬هارون‭). ‬دار‭ ‬الجيل‭. ‬

ابن‭ ‬القيم،‭ ‬محمد‭ ‬بن‭ ‬أبي‭ ‬بكر‭ ‬بن‭ ‬أيوب‭ ‬بن‭ ‬سعد‭ ‬شمس‭ ‬الدين‭(‬1994م‭).‬‭ ‬زاد‭ ‬المعاد‭ ‬في‭ ‬هدي‭ ‬خير‭ ‬العباد‭. ‬مؤسسة‭ ‬الرسالة‭.‬

ابن‭ ‬ماجه،‭ ‬ابن‭ ‬ماجه‭ ‬أبو‭ ‬عبد‭ ‬الله‭ ‬محمد‭ ‬بن‭ ‬يزيد‭ ‬القزويني‭.‬‭ ‬سنن‭ ‬ابن‭ ‬ماجه‭. (‬تحقيق‭: ‬محمد‭ ‬فؤاد‭ ‬عبد‭ ‬الباقي‭). ‬دار‭ ‬إحياء‭ ‬الكتب‭ ‬العربية‭.‬

المباركفوري،‭ ‬صفي‭ ‬الرحمن،‭ ‬الرحيق‭ ‬المختوم،‭ ‬دار‭ ‬إحياء‭ ‬التراث‭.‬

مختار،‭ ‬أحمد‭ ‬مختار‭ ‬عبد‭ ‬الحميد‭ ‬عمر‭. ‬معجم‭ ‬اللغة‭ ‬العربية‭ ‬المعاصرة‭. ‬عالم‭ ‬الكتب‭.‬

مسلم،‭ ‬مسلم‭ ‬بن‭ ‬الحجاج‭ ‬أبو‭ ‬الحسين‭ ‬القشيري‭ ‬النيسابوري‭. ‬المسند‭ ‬الصحيح‭ ‬المختصر‭ ‬من‭ ‬السنن‭ ‬بنقل‭ ‬العدل‭ ‬عن‭ ‬العدل‭ ‬عن‭ ‬رسول‭ ‬الله‭ ‬r‭.‬‭ (‬تحقيق‭: ‬محمد‭ ‬فؤاد‭ ‬عبد‭ ‬الباقي‭). ‬دار‭ ‬إحياء‭ ‬التراث‭ ‬العربي‭.‬

ابن‭ ‬منظور،‭ ‬محمد‭ ‬بن‭ ‬مكرم‭ ‬بن‭ ‬منظور‭ ‬الأفريقي‭ ‬المصري‭. ‬لسان‭ ‬العرب‭.‬‭ ‬دار‭ ‬صادر‭.‬

هانسون،‭ ‬ريك‭(‬2019م‭) ‬المرونة‭. ‬مكتبة‭ ‬جرير‭.‬

ابن‭ ‬هشام،‭ ‬عبد‭ ‬الملك‭ ‬بن‭ ‬هشام‭ ‬بن‭ ‬أيوب‭. ‬سيرة‭ ‬ابن‭ ‬هشام‭(‬ط2‭). (‬تحقيق‭: ‬السقا‭). ‬مكتبة‭ ‬مصطفى‭ ‬البابي‭.‬

الواقدي،‭ ‬محمد‭ ‬بن‭ ‬عمر‭ ‬بن‭ ‬واقد‭(‬1989م‭). ‬مغازي‭ ‬الواقدي‭(‬ط3‭). ‬دار‭ ‬الأعلمي‭. ‬

الترجمة الصوتية لمصادر ومراجع اللغة العربية: :Romanized Arabic References

ālu‭ ‬jallālatin‭ ‬bndr‭ (‬2022م‭). ‬al-mmurūnatu‭ ‬al-nafsiyya#uṭ‭ ‬dāru‭ ‬tashkīlin

abnu‭ ‬alʾathīri‭ ‬majdu‭ ‬al-dīni‭ ‬ʾabī‭ ‬al-sa‘ādāti‭ ‬almubāraki‭ (‬‮٦٠٦‬هـ‭)‬،‭ ‬al-nihāyati‭ ‬fī‭ ‬gharībi‭ ‬alḥadīthi‭ ‬wa-l‭-‬ʾāthari‭ (‬ط1‭)‬،‭ ‬almaktabatu‭ ‬alʾislāmiyyatu

alʾaḥmadiyyu‭ ‬ʾanasu‭ ‬sulaymin‭ ‬al-mmurūnatu‭ ‬muʾuassasatu‭ ‬al‭-‬ʾummati

alʾazhariyyu‭ ‬ʾabū‭ ‬manṣūrin‭ ‬muḥammadu‭ ‬bnu‭ ‬ʾaḥmada‭ (‬2001‭ ‬m‭ ‬tahdhībi‭ ‬al-lughati‭ ( ‬taḥqīqu‭ ‬muḥammadi‭ ‬‘awaḍin‭ ‬dāru‭ ‬ʾiḥyāʾi‭ ‬al-turāthi‭ ‬al‘arabiyyi

abnu‭ ‬ʾisḥāqa‭ ‬muḥammadu‭ ‬bnu‭ ‬ʾisḥāqa‭ ‬al-muṭṭalibiyyu‭ (‬1‮٩٧٨‬‭). ‬al-siyari‭ ‬wa-l-maghāzī‭ ‬dāru‭ ‬al-fikri

albukhāriyyu‭ ‬muḥammadu‭ ‬bnu‭ ‬ʾismā‘īla‭ ‬ʾabū‭ ‬‘abdi‭ ‬Allāhi‭ ‬aljāmi‘u‭ ‬al‭-‬ṣaḥīḥu‭ ‬almukhtaṣaru‭ ‬min‭ ‬umūri‭ ‬rasūli‭ ‬Allāhi‭ - ‬ṣallā‭ ‬Allāhu‭ ‬‘alayhi‭ ‬wasallama‭- ‬wasunanihi‭ ‬waʾayyāmihi‭ (‬طَ3‭). (‬تَحْقِيقُ‭: ‬muṣṭafā‭ ‬dībin‭ ‬dāri‭ ‬abni‭ ‬kathīrin

al-tirmidhiyyu‭ ‬muḥammadu‭ ‬bnu‭ ‬‘īsā‭ ‬ʾabū‭ ‬‘īsā‭ ‬aljāmi‘i‭ ‬alkabīri‭- ‬sunani‭ ‬al-tirmidhiyyiṭa‭ ( ‬taḥqīqu‭ ‬ʾaḥmadu‭ ‬shākirin‭ ‬waʾākharūna‭ ‬sharikatu‭ ‬maktabati‭ ‬wamaṭba‘ati‭ ‬muṣṭafā‭ ‬albābiyyi‭ ‬alḥalabiyyi

abnu‭ ‬ḥibbāna‭ ‬muḥammadu‭ ‬bnu‭ ‬ḥibbāna‭ ‬bni‭ ‬ʾaḥmada‭ ‬bni‭ ‬ḥibbāna‭ ‬bni‭ ‬mu‘ādhi‭ ‬bni‭ ‬ma‘badin‭ ‬al-tamīmiyyu‭ ‬ʾabū‭ ‬ḥātimin‭ ‬al-dārimiyyu‭ ‬albustiyyu‭ ‬ṣaḥīḥu‭ ‬abni‭ ‬ḥibbānaṭa‭ ‬taḥqīqu‭ ‬shu‘aybin‭ ‬al‭-‬ʾurnuʾūṭi‭ ‬muʾuassasatu‭ ‬al-risālati

ʾabū‭ ‬ḥalāwata‭ ‬muḥammadu‭ ‬al-sa‘īdu‭ (‬2013مْ‭). ‬al-mmurūnatu‭ ‬al-nafsiyyatu‭ ‬māhiyyatuhā‭ ‬muḥaddadātuhā‭ ‬waqīmatuhā‭ ‬alwiqāʾiyyatu‭ ‬silsilatu‭ " ‬wafī‭ ‬ʾanfusikum

ʾabū‭ ‬zahwin‭ ‬muḥammadun‭ ‬muḥammadin‭ (‬1‮٤٠٣‬مْ‭)‬،‭ ‬al‭-‬ḥadītha‭ ‬wa-l-muḥaddithūna‭ ‬dāru‭ ‬al-kitābi‭ ‬al‭-‬‘arabiyyi

ʾabū‭ ‬shuhbah‭ ‬muḥammadu‭ ‬bnu‭ ‬muḥammadin‭ (‬1992مْ‭). ‬al-sīratu‭ ‬al-nabawiyyatu‭ ‬fī‭ ‬ḍawʾi‭ ‬alqurʾāni‭ ‬wa-l-sunnati‭ (‬ط2‭). ‬dāru‭ ‬alqalami

al‘āzimiyyu‭ ‬‘āʾishatu‭ ‬‘ubaydi‭ ‬Allāhi‭ ‬al-mmurūnatu‭ ‬al-nafsiyyatu‭ ‬wa‘ilāqatahā‭ ‬bi-l-tafkīri‭ ‬al‭-‬ʾījābiyyi‭ ‬ladā‭ ‬almurāhiqīna‭ ‬mijallatu‭ ‬kulliyyati‭ ‬al-tarbiyati‭ (‬46,3‭).‬

al‘āzimiyyu‭ ‬mūsā‭ ‬bnu‭ ‬rāshidin‭ (‬2013مْ‭). ‬al-luʾuluʾuʾu‭ ‬almaknūnu‭ ‬fī‭ ‬sīrati‭ ‬al-nabiyyi‭ ‬almaʾamūni‭ ‬dāru‭ ‬al‭-‬ṣumay‘iyyi

ʾabū‘ubdi‭ ‬Allāhi‭ ‬ʾaḥmadu‭ ‬bnu‭ ‬muḥammadi‭ ‬bni‭ ‬ḥanbali‭ ‬bni‭ ‬hilāli‭ ‬bni‭ ‬ʾasadin‭ ‬al-shaybāniyyi‭ ‬musnadu‭ ‬alʾimāmi‭ ‬ʾaḥmada‭ ‬bni‭ ‬ḥanbalin‭ ‬muʾuassasatu‭ ‬qurṭubata

abnu‭ ‬‘abdi‭ ‬al-wahhābi‭ ‬muḥammadu‭ ‬bnu‭ ‬‘abdi‭ ‬al-wahhābi‭ ‬mukhtaṣaru‭ ‬sīrati‭ ‬al-rasūli‭ ‬maṭba‘atu‭ ‬wazārati‭ ‬al‭-‬ʾāwqāfi‭ ‬bi-l-rīāḍi

abnu‭ ‬fārisin‭ ‬ʾabū‭ ‬alḥusayni‭ ‬ʾaḥmadu‭ ‬bnu‭ ‬fārisi‭ ‬bni‭ ‬zakariyyā‭ ‬mu‘jamu‭ ‬maqāyīsi‭ ‬al-lugha#iṭ‭ ( ‬taḥqīqu‭ ‬‘abdi‭ ‬al-salāmi‭ ‬muḥammadin‭ ‬hārūna‭ ‬dāru‭ ‬aljīli

abnu‭ ‬alqayyimi‭ ‬muḥammadu‭ ‬bnu‭ ‬ʾabī‭ ‬bakri‭ ‬bni‭ ‬ʾayyūba‭ ‬bni‭ ‬sa‘di‭ ‬shamsi‭ ‬al-dīnim‭ ‬zādu‭ ‬alma‘ādi‭ ‬fī‭ ‬hadyi‭ ‬khayri‭ ‬al‘ibādi‭ ‬muʾuassasatu‭ ‬al-risālati

abnu‭ ‬mājah‭ ‬abnu‭ ‬mājah‭ ‬ʾabū‭ ‬‘abdi‭ ‬Allāhi‭ ‬muḥammadu‭ ‬bnu‭ ‬yazīda‭ ‬alqazwīniyyu‭ ‬sunani‭ ‬abni‭ ‬mājah‭ ( ‬taḥqīqu‭ ‬muḥammadi‭ ‬fuʾuādi‭ ‬‘abdi‭ ‬albāqī‭ ‬dāru‭ ‬ʾiḥyāʾi‭ ‬alkutubi‭ ‬al‘arabiyyati

al-mubārakifwaryi‭ ‬ṣafiyyu‭ ‬al-Raḥmāni‭ ‬al-raḥīqu‭ ‬al-makhtūmu‭ ‬dāru‭ ‬ʾiḥyāʾi‭ ‬al-turāthi

mukhtārun‭ ‬ʾaḥmadu‭ ‬mukhtāru‭ ‬‘abdu‭ ‬alḥamīdi‭ ‬‘umara‭ ‬mu‘jami‭ ‬al-lughati‭ ‬al‘arabiyyati‭ ‬almu‘āṣirati‭ ‬‘ālimu‭ ‬alkutubi

muslimun‭ ‬muslimu‭ ‬bnu‭ ‬alḥajjāji‭ ‬ʾabū‭ ‬alḥusayni‭ ‬alqushayriyyu‭ ‬al-naysābūriyyu‭ ‬almusnadu‭ ‬al‭-‬ṣaḥīḥu‭ ‬almukhtaṣaru‭ ‬min‭ ‬al-sunani‭ ‬binaqli‭ ‬al‘adli‭ ‬‘an‭ ‬al‘adli‭ ‬‘an‭ ‬rasūli‭ ‬Allāhi‭ ‬r‭. ( ‬taḥqīqu‭ ‬muḥammadu‭ ‬fuʾuādi‭ ‬‘abdi‭ ‬albāqī‭ ‬dāru‭ ‬ʾiḥyāʾi‭ ‬al-turāthi‭ ‬al‘arabiyyi

abnu‭ ‬manẓūrin‭ ‬muḥammadu‭ ‬bnu‭ ‬mukrami‭ ‬bni‭ ‬manẓūrin‭ ‬al‭-‬ʾāfrīqiyyi‭ ‬al-miṣriyyu‭ ‬lisānu‭ ‬al‭-‬‘arabi‭ ‬dāru‭ ‬ṣādirin

hānisūn‭ ‬rykm‭ ‬al-mmariwanu‭ ‬maktabatu‭ ‬jarīrin

abnu‭ ‬hishāmin‭ ‬‘abdu‭ ‬almaliki‭ ‬bnu‭ ‬hishāmi‭ ‬bni‭ ‬ʾayyūba‭ ‬sīratu‭ ‬abni‭ ‬hishāmṭ‭ ( ‬taḥqīqu‭ ‬al-saqqā‭ ‬maktabatu‭ ‬muṣṭafā‭ ‬albābiyyi

alwāqidiyyu‭ ‬muḥammadu‭ ‬bnu‭ ‬‘umara‭ ‬bni‭ ‬wāqidm‭ ‬maghāzī‭ ‬alwāqidiyyiṭ‭ ‬dāru‭ ‬alʾa‘lamiyyi

Published

2025-09-30